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泵業(yè)鉑族金屬有哪些主要用途?
鉑族金屬應(yīng)用非常廣泛,現(xiàn)代最主要的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域是汽車(chē)工業(yè)、珠寶首飾和金融業(yè)、石化工業(yè)、電子工業(yè)，玻璃工業(yè)、醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生、能源及環(huán)境保護(hù)等。
(1)首飾和金融方面的應(yīng)用
鉑族金屬銀白光亮的外表、稀少和昂貴的價(jià)格,使其在西方的珠寶首飾業(yè)及私人貨幣儲(chǔ)備方面得到廣泛利用。近年來(lái)，鉑和黃金、白銀一樣，以錠、棒或幣的形式開(kāi)始在金融市場(chǎng)流通，作為硬通貨儲(chǔ)備或投資。
(2)用以制作國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)量器
質(zhì)量的國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“千克”和長(zhǎng)度的國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“米”原器都是由90%鉑和10%銥的合金制成的，從一183~十630°C的國(guó)際溫標(biāo)，是由鉑絲制成的電阻溫度計(jì)標(biāo)定的。
(3)在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用
①汽車(chē)工業(yè)。鉑的最大用戶是汽車(chē)工業(yè)。利用鉑族金屬高的催化活性和穩(wěn)定性,汽車(chē)尾氣通過(guò)一個(gè)含鉑、鈀、銠的催化劑裝置可使其中的碳?xì)浠衔铩?/span>一氧化碳及氮的氧化物轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊o(wú)害的化合物，僅1988年西方用于制造汽車(chē)催化劑的鉑族金屬就達(dá)45噸。
②玻璃及玻璃纖維工業(yè)。利用鉑族金屬的高熔點(diǎn)、高溫抗氧化性、良好的高溫強(qiáng)度及抗熔融玻璃腐蝕不污染玻璃的化學(xué)惰性，制造彌散強(qiáng)化鉑、鉑銠合金或用鉑包覆鉬或其他金屬的坩堝,用于熔煉優(yōu)質(zhì)或特種玻璃。此外，至今只有鉑銠合金可作生產(chǎn)玻璃纖維的坩堝漏板材料。優(yōu)質(zhì)大功率激光器的心臟部件——單晶寶石的熔點(diǎn)在2000左右，只能用銥或其他鉑族金屬的坩堝熔煉。
③化學(xué)化工、石油及有色冶金工業(yè)。化學(xué)工業(yè)中鉑族金屬的最主要用途是用鉑能合金網(wǎng)在氨氧化塔中催化氨氧化為NO,進(jìn)而用NO制造硝酸、化肥和炸藥。
石油化學(xué)工業(yè)中用含鉑0.2%~0.7%的A12或沸石為催化劑進(jìn)行石油重整，生產(chǎn)抗爆性良好的高辛烷(92%以上)汽油。石化工
業(yè)中其他化工產(chǎn)品的提純、氧化、脫氫、異構(gòu).合成等方面也廣泛使用鉑、鈀、銠、銥、釕的各種催化劑。
鉑族金屬或鍍、涂鉑族金屬的陽(yáng)極在化學(xué)工業(yè)中廣泛用于一些強(qiáng)氧化性化學(xué)試劑的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程。
用鉑作催化劑的氣體擴(kuò)散電極在重有色金屬電積中代替普遍使用的鉛陽(yáng)極和鉛銻陽(yáng)極，能節(jié)省大量電能。
此外,試驗(yàn)室各種坩堝、電極及其他器皿，很多是由鉑及鉑族金屬合金制作的。
④電器工業(yè)。利用鉑族金屬特別是含鉑觸頭接點(diǎn)材料,常是其他材料無(wú)法代替的。由于其導(dǎo)電性好、散熱快、耐磨及電弧放電或火花放電時(shí)抗氧化燒損及抗腐蝕性好,不易熔焊或黏結(jié)，故常用于要求十分可靠的工作環(huán)境和各種精密儀器及儀表。利用鉑族金屬及其合金在苛刻條件下穩(wěn)定的電性能，及耐連續(xù)受滑線接觸摩擦等性質(zhì)，可用于各類(lèi)精密電位器繞組及電阻應(yīng)變柵。
?鉑族金屬新材料的應(yīng)用。鉑族金屬新材料的不斷出現(xiàn)，對(duì)有關(guān)科技領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生了重大影響。近20年來(lái)，鉑族金屬催化劑以石油精煉和石油化學(xué)為軸心，應(yīng)用范圍不斷擴(kuò)展，在以汽車(chē)廢氣凈化催化劑為代表的公害防治、環(huán)境保護(hù)、非晶態(tài)合金催化劑、接觸燃燒催化劑、光解制氫、煤直接液化等.系列領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用。渣漿泵廠家
(4)在高新技術(shù)方面的應(yīng)用
鉑族金屬在生物工程航天技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、激光技術(shù)、自動(dòng)化技術(shù)等高新技術(shù)方面應(yīng)用日益廣泛。
What are the main uses of platinum group metals in pump industry?
Platinum group metals are widely used in many fields, such as automobile industry, jewelry and finance industry, petrochemical industry, electronic industry, glass industry, medicine and health, energy and environmental protection.
(1) jewelry and financial applications
Platinum group metal silver is widely used in jewelry industry and private currency reserve in the West due to its bright appearance, rarity and high price. In recent years, platinum, like gold and silver, began to circulate in the financial market in the form of ingots, sticks or coins as hard currency reserve or investment.
(2) it is used to make international standard gauge
The international standard "kilogram" of mass and the international standard "meter" of length are both made of 90% platinum and 10% iridium alloy. The international temperature scale from 183 ° C to 10630 ° C is calibrated by a resistance thermometer made of platinum wire.
(3) application in modern industry
① automobile industry. The largest user of platinum is the automotive industry. With the high catalytic activity and stability of platinum group metals, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in automobile exhaust can be transformed into harmless compounds through a catalyst device containing platinum, palladium and rhodium. In 1988 alone, 45 tons of platinum group metals were used to manufacture automobile catalysts in the West.
② glass and glass fiber industry. By using the high melting point, high temperature oxidation resistance, good high temperature strength of platinum group metals and chemical inertness of anti melting glass without polluting the glass, a crucible of dispersion strengthened platinum, platinum rhodium alloy or platinum coated molybdenum or other metals is made, which is used for smelting high-quality or special glass. In addition, up to now, only platinum rhodium alloy can be used as the crucible leakage plate material for the production of glass fiber. The melting point of single crystal gem, the heart part of high-quality high-power laser, is about 2000. It can only be melted in the crucible of iridium or other platinum group metals.
③ chemical, petroleum and non-ferrous metallurgical industries. In chemical industry, platinum group metals are mainly used to catalyze ammonia oxidation to no in ammonia oxidation tower with platinum alloy mesh, and then make nitric acid, fertilizer and explosive with No.
In the petrochemical industry, A12 or zeolite containing 0.2% ~ 0.7% platinum is used as catalyst for petroleum reforming to produce high octane (over 92%) gasoline with good antiknock performance. Stone chemical industry
Various catalysts of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium and ruthenium are widely used in purification, oxidation, dehydrogenation, isomerization and synthesis of other chemical products in the industry.
Platinum group metal or anode coated with platinum group metal are widely used in the production process of some strong oxidizing chemical reagents in the chemical industry.
The gas diffusion electrode with platinum as catalyst can replace the commonly used lead anode and lead antimony anode in heavy non-ferrous metal electrowinning, which can save a lot of electric energy.
In addition, many crucibles, electrodes and other utensils in the laboratory are made of platinum and platinum group metal alloys.
④ electrical industry. The use of platinum group metals, especially contact materials containing platinum, is often irreplaceable by other materials. Because of its good conductivity, fast heat dissipation, wear resistance, anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion during arc discharge or spark discharge, it is not easy to weld or bond, so it is often used in a very reliable working environment and various precision instruments and meters. It can be used in all kinds of precision potentiometer winding and resistance strain gate by using the stable electrical properties of platinum group metal and its alloy under harsh conditions and the properties of resistance to continuous contact and friction of sliding wire.
Application of new materials of platinum group metals. The continuous emergence of new materials of platinum group metals has a significant impact on the field of science and technology. In the past 20 years, platinum group metal catalysts have been widely used in a series of fields, such as pollution prevention, environmental protection, amorphous alloy catalyst, contact combustion catalyst, photolysis hydrogen production, direct coal liquefaction, etc., with petroleum refining and petrochemistry as the axis and expanding application scope. Slurry pump manufacturer
(4) application in high and new technology
Platinum group metals are widely used in high and new technologies such as bioengineering, aerospace technology, information technology, laser technology and automation technology.
